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Akromiya: extremist Islamic movement or the forerunner of social democracy?

By Alisher Ilkhamov
www.fergananews.com/archive/2015/13may/akromiyailkhamovinabashin.pdf

Analogues Akromiya:

�Protestant�:

Yuldashev calls attention not on the outside of the religion and its essence - to "examine ourselves in life, the meaning of his essence" as saving way to God.
It is in the spirit of Christian Protestantism, Yuldashev indicates that the "path of faith begins with the Great and the One God. His faith can not be strengthened only by mere words. For this it is necessary that the words were confirmed in practice. "

Mormons, Quakers, Mennonites:

Akromians community has a lot in common with the "vahabbitskimi" Jamaat Chechnya, Dagestan and Kabardino-Balkaria, and with the communities of Mormons, Quakers and Mennonites in the Christian world.
The total of these sects with Akramists - social component, community spirit, far from the militancy in the practice of their beliefs and inwardly directed, on the social and economic strengthening of the bonds of fellow believers.

here chaebols - Japan and South Korea:

Similarly, the relatively closed, the business community is characterized as Japan and South Korea, where mutual responsibility, supported by the traditional ethics of loyal quasi-clan relations, has become one of the secrets of the "economic miracle."

Islamic Economics:

Many Akromians community counterparts can be found in the rest of the Muslim world.
In the future, Islamic movements have acquired solid economic structures - Islamic banks, investment funds, leasing companies, financial and commercial holdings.
When secular authoritarian regimes restricted the Islamic movements, the task was to transform from within the company in accordance with the principles of Islam.
This Islamization was carried out primarily in the area of family law, education, and economic activity.
Thus, the gene Secretary of the International Federation of Islamic banks (IFIB) Ahmed Al-Nager admitted that the philosophy of Islamic banks is to change the behavior of Muslims
� transformation of their consumers thrifty citizens and
� with respect to what is permitted (halal) and what is forbidden (haram).

Principles of Islamic Economics:
trends in the modern world
- Unacceptable domination of material interests over spiritual tune with this requirement calls for a moral economy, often sounding in the West
- All the wealth are a gift from God and belongs only to Allah in this paragraph Islamic economy is at odds with the Western liberal-conservative apologia for the inviolability of private property, but it is close to social democratic principle of solidarity in the distribution of social wealth
- You must give part of their income to the poor and needy, this principle is implemented in the idea of the welfare state and the social market economy
- Unacceptable extraction percent of the loan, instead of extracting percent promoted investor participation in the profits this item, however, successfully manages in Islamic banks by formal legal re-registration of bank interest in "complicity in profit"
The teachings of Said Nursi in Turkey:
Yuldashev's views are very similar to the teachings of Said Nursi, after whom is named nurchular movement.
The main difficulty of Nursi's treatises are "Risale-i-Nur, in which he gives a commentary and a guide to the Koran, a modern interpretation, and the interpretation of its provisions, trying to prove the truth of the faith and its compatibility with modern scientific data.
2002 - The defeat of the circles of admirers of Nursi
Example Islamic holdings:
- "Dallah Al-Baraka Group" and its subsidiary branch "Albaraka investment and development"
- Division of Western banks and investment companies in the Gulf countries also follow the canons of Islamic law and Islamic economics, for example, HSBC Branch, UBS Group and other
.
at the beginning of 2005
The total assets of Islamic banks in 5 countries of the Bay
(Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain) 		$ 49.5 billion US

Akromians community to follow the principles of Islamic economics:

The community consisted of about 40 companies, owners and workers who created a social fund "Bait-ul pier."
From 2002 to 2004. charitable assistance from the fund "Bait-ul mole�
Kindergartens 5 million Uzbek soums
Including: kindergarten number 52 > 1 million soums
On repair of orphans in the orphanage g.Pahtaabade 0.5 million soums
For the purchase of cots and blankets for the Education Department of the Andijan 0.6 million soums
To cover the rent for kindergarten engineering plant 0.4 million soums
Submitted preschool - in the order of charity aid
Bakery products 1 million soums
Festive gifts for > 0.1 million soums
.
2004
trade turnover per capita in Andijan region on the 2nd place after the capital
Export Andijan region on the 2nd place after the capital

Is Akramia Islamic movement?

Treatise "Yimonga Yul" does not contain any signs of extremism
- No slogans of the Islamic Caliphate, or incitement to violent overthrow of the secular regime.
Yuldashev has forbidden his followers to even criticize the supreme power in the country.
He said: "... the ruler becomes the will of Allah. Acting against the ruler means acting against the will of Allah �

Instead of high-profile Islamist slogans Akramists silently followed the pillars of Islam and the argument of personal example.

They were from the outset set "conformist", focusing mainly on business and philanthropy.
Until May 2005, the events, they generally have not been seen in any conflict with the authorities.
The most successful businessmen of the community even been submitted to the government awards

In accordance with the principle of combining the "liberal" and "communitarian" approaches, Akram can be attributed to civil society.
Ideology Yuldashev:
Man will then be happy and at peace, when "will reflect rather than logical reasoning."

Fake "5 stages of Islamization�:

Even if we admit the authenticity of the "application" of the five stages of Islamization, in his interpretation Babajanov impossible to discern signs of extremism.
Community members Akromians likely to imagine the prospects of its motion is an evolutionary character of Islamization of society and the state, through education, spiritual education and the recruitment of members of the state apparatus.
In the same direction developed Nurchular movement and political Islam in Turkey,
The culmination of this movement was quite legitimate arrival of Islamist parties to power through democratic elections.
This was preceded by the evolution of the movement - from frondistskoy fraction to a respectable party, rejects the label "Islamist" and identifies himself as a conservative party, such as the Christian Democratic Union in Germany.
Neither Turkey nor Europe is not perceived as nonsense, this "Islamization" of society, if it does not lead to the infringement of human rights and political and cultural pluralism.
Cause of repression against the community - its exit from state-based:
Shakirov and his sons showed others how to organize things, to break the umbilical cord that places society dependent on state patronage.
The formula of success became no longer a request to the government to pay attention to the plight of the people, and the calculation of own resources and the solidarity achieved by following the pillars of Islam.
The state rests on a non-confidence between people:
Community was formed with a high level of mutual trust
In his circle, they tried to bring a sample of Islamic economy.

Shakirov said that their activities community wanted to demonstrate the advantages of Islamic economics.
middle-class activity:
Social movements make up the base is not the poorest.
The middle class is already in the power of their education tend to socially active life and leadership as a way of self-realization.
Not by chance, Akram Yuldashev himself in his treatise much attention paid to knowledge of the hierarchy of needs, putting the spiritual needs of the above material.

Attacks on state objects. The radicalization of the community 12-13 05 2005:

The signs of radicalization of the community could be considered as events in Andijan 12-13 05 2005, particularly attacks on state facilities, and hostage-taking of law enforcement officers.

Many people participated in the demonstration, did not know about night attacks on government targets
The reasons for the attacks:
1. Repression against the community members, detentions before sentencing 23 Akramists, confiscation of property of a successful group of business people, employee livelihood least 2,000 workers and their families.
State-Terror
2. The role of provocateurs
[3. The discontent of the population]

Though the circumstances of these attacks are not clarified until now:

State-Terror in Uzbekistan - Causes:

1. Fear of social autonomy, the reluctance of the authorities to start dialogue with the society, the installation at the destruction of any germs of civil society and dissent.
Since 2004, after the "color" revolutions, the authorities began to curtail non-profit sector.
Nowhere authoritarian state so totally does not control the society and religion, both in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.
2. Islamophobia Uzbek bureaucracy derived even from the Soviet era.
3. US fight against terrorism was a cover to suppress dissent.
The "war on terror" was launched by President Karimov, long before September 11, 2001

Justice in Uzbekistan:

Widely practiced torture, the courts are not independent and does not perechat prosecutor's office.
SNB is widely introducing into the ranks of the opposition and their agents provocateurs.
1998 - amendments to the Criminal Code - up to 3 years in prison -
- For all unregistered religious activity of schools and mosques.
2002 - The defeat of the circles of admirers of Nursi:
Their activity also was not a shadow of extremism.
They were created in Uzbekistan - with the assistance of Turkish missionaries.
The defeat of their power - absolutely in a similar manner,
2002 - sentenced to 15-18 years, 12 Uzbek citizens only for participating in study circles, where he read the works of Said Nursi.

Destinations nationalization of society Karimov regime:

1) of the total state control of public institutions;
2) Eliminating germs of independent civil society;
3) Indoctrination of mass consciousness planting of state patriotism.
State Model "domestic" Islam:
- It created the Uzbek ideologists.
In particular, they have created.
Pantheon "domestic" medieval luminaries:
- Hanafi school of Islam:
Imam al-Bukhari, Al-Fargoni, Maturidi Imam, Imam Marginoni, Bahauddin Naqshband, Imam Tirmidhi.
Honors they began to put in a big way as the recently - the classics of Marxism-Leninism.

History of Islam - in the Soviet period:

"Parallel" - an amateur Islam functioned - in the "shadow" sector.
Independent Islamic thought to function primarily in hujra - small circles Islamic studies organized at the home of the shadow authority of Islam, such as Muhammad Hindustani Rustamov (1892-1989), Khakimzhan Kari Margilon and others.
In the era of perestroika, he joined the scope of open public activities.

In 1980-90, there was no e-Hanafi generation of imams and Islamic civil society activists.
The spread of non-Hanafi schools in Uzbekistan. - The reasons:
1. Hanafi tradition, according to a new generation of imams:
� compromised cooperation with the Soviet atheistic regime.
� Islam religion has been reduced to a purely ceremonial rituals
Paradox - last Hanafi clerics banned cooperation with the secular power.
2. After reading the life of Arab societies, young imams found the contrast in what place Islam occupies in the life of society: In the Middle East, Muslims demonstrated not only knowledge of Islam, but also samples of morality and collective action in accordance with the pillars of Islam
State intervention in the affairs of religion and religious communities - Turkey:
Clerics Islam are state-employees subordinate to the Office of Religious Affairs, which, in turn, is accountable to the Prime Minister, and are paid from the state budget.
State intervention in the affairs of religion and religious communities - in Egypt:
Since the days of Nasser, the control of the Islamic University of Al-Azhar, actually appointing him the Chief Imam, Sheikh Al-Azhar.

The reasons for popular discontent - Uzbekistan:

Impoverishment:
In 2002, sharply increased customs duties on imports, imposed restrictions of small traders without offering in return no public compensation.
In response to the actions of the government in 2003-2004. on a wave of spontaneous mass actions and demonstrations bazaar merchants.
Particularly active population protested in Kokand, Tashkent, Jizzakh, Bukhara and Andijan itself.

US fight against terrorism:

2003 - US National Strategy to Combat International Terrorism - approved in advance

The main factor of international terrorism "Strategy" considered extremist ideology of radical Islam, rather than the poverty of the Muslim countries and the international policy of the USA.
Accordingly, an important place was given to "the struggle for the hearts and minds of Muslims."

2004 - Program Muslim World Outreach (Reach Muslim world):

- It has specified the tasks of the struggle for the minds
Objectives:
1. Neutralization of militant and radical Islamism and
2. Promoting moderate and tolerant Islam.
means:
1. Funding and support of Muslim think tanks, moderate Islamic scholars, curriculum, media,
2. Charitable actions for construction and reconstruction of mosques, Muslim restoration of written sources, etc.

For each region and the country, including Uzbekistan and Central Asia, offered an individual program.
Generously funded program was aiming to work in 24 countries.
Program Disadvantages:
� Intervention in the internal process of the development of religion,
The problem - not only impact on the Muslim world (for example, through the promotion of democracy), but also on the formation of Islam as such - from the outside.
� Errors in the choice of partners,
� identify errors that and someone should be classified as moderate Islam. -
- Policies to promote moderate Islam reduced to its nationalization, trends in the Islamic civil society were indistinguishable from religious extremism.

for Akramia position in the world:

Some of these Russian analysts deliberately play up the Uzbek authorities, on the basis of "higher interests" of Russia itself.
Another part of being under the influence of Islamophobia intensified in Russia after the war in Chechnya and terrorist attacks, sincerely believe in the presence of a trace of international Islamic terrorism in the Andijan events.
In this camp - and some Western scholars, in the first place, the British professor Shirin Akiner, which is perhaps the only Western scientists succeeded, with the help of local officials, to visit Andijan.

OSCE, UNHCR, Human Rights Watch, the International Crisis Group, a number of news agencies, newspapers, television and radio stations, rightly identified the event as the unprovoked shooting of demonstrators.

The history of the Community:

The decisive moment in the development of the Community was to get acquainted with local businessman Yuldashev Bahrom Shakirov, who Akramia ideas had a profound impression.
Before meeting with Yuldashev Shakirov was known mistreatment of subordinates, was fond of gambling, ie, I kept far from the righteous way of life.
Philosophy Akram Yuldashev transformed him, he spoke of his intention to use a material condition for the achievement of "the wealth of his soul."
Under the influence of these ideas Shakirov's father in 1993, donated a large plot of land in a suburb of Andijan Gods Shamol base for the business community, where the followers of Yuldashev's teachings could start a business in accordance with the principles outlined in his treatise "The way to faith."
On this site it was founded 10 businesses, including a bakery, hair salon, a coffee shop, a shoe factory. The business community also took up the construction business.
All its members are committed to give the 5-th of its profits to charitable purposes.
Once a week Yuldashev spent with them lessons on Islamic enlightenment.
(Aizenman N.C. The Eye of the Uzbek Storm. Officials Blame Humble Spiritual Leader for Revolt Despite Doubts of Many // Washington Post Foreign Service. 29 May 2005. Page A16)

In people, this community was named "Yimonchilar" treatise called Akram Yuldashev

Yuldashev was born in 1960, well in school, especially in science and mathematics.